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Ground fills and polygons – how to do this right in eagle

Take any professionally made PCB and you will find that in most cases areas between traces are filled with copper areas. In fact background fills can give benefit but also be harmful to your all design. Dangerous prototypes have written a tutorial on how to make MCB background fills look professional and add additional features to schematic.

eagle polygon fill

In most cases background fills are connected to GND in order to reduce resistance and electric noise. Keep in mind that filing grounds where ever it fits can also have negative effect – for instance ground planes near signal traces may add parasitic capacitance. In this case probably better use hatched fills or avoid them at all.

Sometimes it is useful to draw custom ground planes around power traces to make them more thicker in order to carry more current.

Hand written equation conversion to LaTex and MathML

Writing formulas and equations for some publication or websites is time consuming task. Usually there is LaTex syntax used to enter formulas. But when formulas get more complex it gets really hard to remember all short-codes and it is easy to loose end in a long line. At school we are used to write equations by hand so why not to transfer that experience in to computer.

Handwriting Recognition technology

Here is a nice small script that simply converts hand written equation in to LaTex and MathML XML codes. All you have is to open a MyScript demo website and start drawing. Algorithm analyzes hand drawn formulas and tries to convert them in to code. It previews your progress so you could redo last steps to match your needs. I should say it does job really great. So if you do lots of formulas you may give a try – could be faster than typing.

Electronic parts voice look-up assistant

As electronic enthusiast you probably have pile of resistors, capacitors and other electronic components. Most of them are color coded and in order to use any of these you need to identify each of them. Usually resistor color band table works fine or multimeter. But how to speed up process a bit, free your hands and even eyes from looking at tables or multimeter. Anthony coded a simple application (EEspeak) which simply listens to you what type of element and colors are identified. Imagine sorting things out – sitting around with pole of resistors and reading each color values aloud.

Voice recognition seems to work great without any training. It can tell color coded resistor, capacitor and inductor value with its tolerance. Simple commands enable it to read values aloud and display on screen. Program is free so give it a try – at least it's fun.

12V solar charger using LM317

[Alex] decided to build a solar charger for his car battery. He had an 18V solar panel able to provide up to 83mA. You cannot connect panel directly to battery because charging voltage cannot exceed allowed safe limit and also solar panel may become as load for battery in dark time and this way discharge it.

LM317 solar charger

So he ended up with simple circuit utilizing LM317 and couple resistors setting voltage so that battery would be charged at recommended 13.2V. In order to prevent back supply a Shottky was used. Of course it adds some voltage drop (0.7V worst case). This was taken in account while calculating voltage adjust resistor divider. As a test [Alex] left solar charger for three days connected to his battery and it charged up to 12.35V which is about 75% of capacity. Not bad at all.

Adding self power down functionality to your devices

Power down feature is very handy on battery operated devices. For instance most of multimeters already have this feature allowing them to self turn off when there is no activity for some time. Check out this simple solution which uses pair of FETs and resistor.

self power down

It was originally made for Atmega328 project because author didn't want to bother with AVR power down modes. Instead he used this simple circuit. It can be used to turn device on with switch this is where P-FET part plays role and turn off with N-FET. Turn Off signal wire comes from AVR pin market as 5. While device is powered N-FET has to be on with high gate signal. When N-FET gate signal goes low device turns itself off. This can be used on any device where possible to get such signal conditions. Or simply use in microcontroller circuit by adding some delay count after inactivity.

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